The Variation Of Light Intensity With Distance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2622 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Physics Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? The variation of light intensity with distance; namely the inverse square law of light intensity with distance. Background Theory Light emitted from any kind of source, e.g. the sun, a light bulb, is a form of energy. Everyday problems such as lighting required for various forms of labouring or street illumination, require one to able to determine and evaluate the intensity of light emitted by any light source or even the illumination of a given surface. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Variation Of Light Intensity With Distance" essay for you Create order A special group of studies is formed around these issues and it is called photometry. Luminous flux is a scalar quantity which measures the time rate of light flow from the source. As all measures of energy transferred over a period of time, luminous flux is measured in Joules/Seconds or Watts (SI units). It can therefore safely be said that luminous flux is a measure of light power. Visible light consists of several different colours, each representing a different wavelength of the radiation spectrum. For example red colour has a wavelength 610-700 nm, similarly yellow 550-590 nm and blue 450-500 nm. The human eye demonstrates different levels of sensitivity to the various colours of the spectra. More specifically, the maximum sensitivity is observed in the yellow-green colour (i.e. 555nm). From all the above, it is clear that there is the need to define a unit associating and standardising the visual sensitivity of the various wavelengths to the light power which are measured in Watts; this unit is called the special luminous flux unit of the lumen (lm). One lumen is equivalent to1/680 Watt of light with a wavelength of 555 nm. This special relationship between illumination and visual response renders the lumen the preferred photometric unit of luminous flux for practical applications. On top of that one of the most widely used light sources in everyday life such as the electric light bulb emits light which consists of many different wavelengths. A measure of the luminous strength of any light source is called the light sources intensity. At this point, it should be said that the intensity of a light source depends on the quantity of lumens emitted within a finite angular region which is formed by a solid angle. To give a visual representation of the solid angle, recall that in a bi-dimensional plane the plane angle is used for all kinds of angular measurements. A further useful reminder regards the arc length s; namely for a circle o f radius r the arc length s is calculating by the formula S = r * q -Equation. 1 (qis measured in radians) Now, in a three dimensional plane the solid angle W is similarly used for angular measurements. Corresponding to the q plane angle, each section of surface area A of a sphere of radius r is calculating by using the following formula; A= r2*W -Equation. 2 (Remember that W is measured in steradians) By definition one steradian is the solid angle subtended by an area of the spherical surface equal to the square of the radius of the sphere. Taking into account all the above mentioned, the luminous intensity I of a light source (small enough to be considered as a point source) pointing towards the solid angle is given by: I = F/ W -Equation. 3 Where F is the flux measured in lumens. It is clear that the luminous intensity unit is lumen /steradian. This unit used to be called a candle, as it was defined in the context of light emitted from carbon filamen t lamps. Generally speaking, luminous intensity in any particular direction is called the candle power of the source. The corresponding unit in the SI system is called the candela (cd)which is the luminous intensity emitted by 1/60 cm2 of platinum at a temperature of 2054K (which is the fusion point of platinum). A uniform light source (small enough to be considered as a point source) whose luminous intensity is equal to one candela, is able to produce a luminous flux of one lumen through each solid angle. The equation shown below is the mathematical expression of the above definition: F = W * I -Equation. 4 Where I is equal to one cd and W is equal to one sr. In similar terms the total flux Ftof a uniform light source with an intensity I can be calculated with the aid of the following formula. Ft = W t* I Equation. 5 And taking into account that the total solid angle Wt of a sphere is 4p sr, the above formula becomes Ft = 4p * I -Equation. 6 When a surface is irradiated with visible light it is said to be illuminated. For any given surface, the illuminance E (which is also called illumination) is intuitively understood and defined to be the flux indenting on the surface divided by the total area of the surface. E = F / A Equation. 7 In the case where the several light sources are present and illuminate the same surface, the total illuminance is calculated by adding up all of the individual source illuminations. The SI unit allocated the illuminance is the lux (lx)where one lx is equal to 1 lm / 1 m2. Another way of expressing illumination in the context of light sources intensity and the distance from the light source can be derived by forming a combination of the last few mentioned equations: E = F / A = I * W / A = I / r2 -Equation. 8 Where r is the distance measured from the source or the radius of a sphere whose total area is A (W = A / r2). An important side note at this point is that 1fc equals 1cd/ft2 and also 1lx is equal to1cd/ m2. It is evident that the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the measured distance from the light source. In the case of constant light source intensity I, it can be said that: E2/E1 = r12/r22= (r1/r2)2 Equation. 9 In the real world, the incident light is very rarely normal to a surface; nearly always light impacts on a surface at an angle of incidence q. In this case the illuminance is calculated by: E = I* cos q/ r2 -Equation. 10 To sum up, there are several ways which can be employed in order to measure illumination. Nearly all of the m are based on the photoelectric effect originally discovered by Albert Einstein (for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1921). In a few words when light strike sa material electron emission is observed and electric current flows if there is a circuit present. This current is proportional to the incident light flux and to the work function of the material; the intensity of the resulted current flow is measured by instruments calibrated in illumination units. Apparatus Components: Light Sensor Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) Light bulb Ruler Power supply Voltmeter Ammeter Connecting wires and Inline conductors Two Vertical Stands Black Paper Experimental Apparatus The experimental apparatus consisted off various parts. The basis of the light reception circuit was a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which is the essential part of the apparatus since in enables the measurement of the lights intensity. To give a brief introduction to this type of devices, it should be said that all kinds of materials exhibit some kind of resistance to electric current flow (which by definition is orientated flow of electrons). The particularity of an LDR device lays in the fact that its resistance is not constant; instead, it varies its value according to the lights intensity that impacts on it. Generally speaking, LDR devices can be categorized in two main divisions: negative and positive coefficient. The former decrease the irresistance as the lights intensity grows bigger; on the other hand, the latter increase their resistance as the lights intensity becomes greater. At the microscopic level, such a device consists of semi-conducting material like doped-silicon (the most commonly used material for electronic applications).When light impacts on the device material, this energy is absorbed by the covalent bonded electrons. Subsequently, this excessive energy breaks the bonds between the electrons and creates free electrons inside the material. These electrons are free to move inside the material and hence increase there sistivity of the material since they are no longer bonded. Another essential part of the apparatus is the light source, which in this particular cause was an incandescent lamp (these lamp sare the most commonly used ones found in most everyday applications). The basic component of an incandescent lamp is the wire filament which is usually made of tungsten; this filament is sealed in glass b ulb. Now, the bulb itself is filled with a mixture of low pressure argon and nitrogen in gaseous form. The use of those two gases is to delay the evaporation of the metal filament as well as itoxidation. Ones current begins to flow through the tungsten filament, it gets so hot that it looks white. Under these operating conditions the filament itself ranges in temperature from 2500-3000 degrees Celsius. All incandescent lamps have continuous spectrum which lies primarily in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The basic drawback of these devices is they poor efficiency, since more than 95% of the lamps energy is lost to the ambient environment in the form of heat. The detailed apparatus used for this investigation is shown schematically in figure.1. According to this figure the light source(incandescent lamp (light bulbs electrical characteristics required here) ) is placed on a fixed stand and is kept at a vertical upright position looking upwards. It is e vident that ones the bulb is switch on the light will be emitted isotropically towards all directions. A power supply(( power supplys electrical characteristics required here) ) was used for powering up the light bulb and providing variable voltage values. In that way, as will be explained later, the intensity of the light emitted by the bulb will not stay constant and neither will the voltage across the LDR. Opposite the light bulb, on another stand the LDR device has kept fixed in place with the aid of cohesive material (blu tack). The LDR device was placed normally to the light bulb so that the angle of incidence of the light coming of the source remains constant and normal throughout the experimental measurements. Another observation that can be made from Figure.1 is the interconnection between the LDR device, the voltmeter, the ammeter and the power supply. More specifically, in order for the LDR to function properly, a voltage was applied across the receiver circui t ( 4 Volts power pack in our case). The voltmeter was connected across the LDR device in order to constantly measure the value of the voltage across the LDR. These variations were due to the alternations to the intensity of the incident light (since the resistance value was changing). The volt meter ideally would have infinite resistance, however in reality its resistance is finite and thus small deviations of the indicated voltage from the real value were expected. Another quantity under monitoring was the current flowing into the LDR device. For this purpose an ammeter was placed in series with the LDR. Its rule was very important since the current flow into the LDR device had to remain constant throughout the experimental measurements. Again, the ideal ammeter would not have any impendence at all. In reality all ammeter demonstrate a finite albeit very small value of resistance: thus deviation of the indicated value from the actual one should be expected. (Missing resistance for potential divider?) A very interesting configuration (and very widely used) for light intensity measurements using the same components as the ones available for this practical can be seen in Figure.1 with a little insight. A closer look to the receiver circuit reveals that a potential divider is formed by the way that the above mentioned components are connected. On a side note, measuring the current coming out of the LDR device would be feasible and relatively easy since the output current would be directly proportional to the value of the LDR resistance. A better way would be to measure the output voltage which happens to be the voltage across the LDR (i.e. the value monitor by the voltmeter). In this case the voltage is proportional to the current flowing through the LDR device. The second resistance required to form the potential divider comes from the finite internal resistance of the ammeter. The value of the output voltage V output can be calculated b y using the standard potential divider formula shown below: Vout = RLDR / (RLDR + RAMMETER)* Vin Equation. 11 Where Vinis the voltage applied across the receiver circuit, RLDR and RAMMETER are the resistance of the LDR device and the internal resistance of the ammeter respectively. Since the aim of those measurements is to investigate the relationship between the light intensity with distance, despite the fact that both the light bulb and LDR are kept fixed vertically the stand of the light bulb was able to be translated horizontally. For the purpose of the experiments the translation of the light bulb was made parallel with a ruler which was placed between the two stands. This configuration was quite optimal since it allowed the exact distance between light source and receiver to be know throughout the experiments. In all optical experiments one of most fundamental error is the background illumination and the interference of other light sources. For this reason the apparatus was surrounded by black paper. Experimental Procedure The LDR sensor and the light bulb have to be at the same vertical height during all experimental measurements. One key point to notice is in that way the light bulb behaves as more like a point source of light, justifying the use of all mathematical equations. The LDR sensor has to point towards the light bulb at all times. Having set up the experimental apparatus and chosen the range of the distance between the light bulb and the LDR sensor, a reference measurement of the LDR sensor was made having the light bulb switched off. Depending on the power of the light bulb a starting distance of 10 cm was deemed to be sufficient for the calibration purposes. Progressively, after performing the calibration this distance as explained below increased. Similarly, the rest of the experimental apparatuss components (i.e. receiver device, voltmeter, ammeter, etc.) were also switched off during this very crucial calibration phase of the practical; generally speaking it is very good and common practice as well as much more preferable to carry out the calibration and experimental procedure in conditions of total darkness. The previous step insured that the background illumination was measured and this value would have to be deducted from all further measurements. Hence the error of the measurements is eliminated and their credibility is increased by a great degree. The light bulb was initially switched on by applying a specific voltage across it; subsequently the exact distance between the light bulb and the LDR was measured using the ruler. The next and most important step at this stage was to measure the value of the potential difference across the LDR device for this specific position of the light bulb. For reasons of reference, the value of the ammeter was also recorded. The position of the light bulb stand was then altered along the ruler in constant and knows intervals of distance. For each known distance the above measurements had to be repeated o ver and over. At this stage it would be useful to emphasize that the acquisition of the above data can be made for more than one time per known distance r, since averaging of data decreases the error percentage in the experimental measurements obtained. In that way, a comprehensive chart or table can be formed associating distance values (between the two stands) to output voltage values.

The Negative Impact of Technology on Interpersonal...

Over the last century, information technology, such as the Internet, has brought our society forward and helps us get through life more efficiently and conveniently. In addition, it helps making global communication easier and faster as compared to hand-written mails that may take days if not weeks to reach its intended recipient. However, with such luxury and convenience, there is a debate whether the way we currently interact with fellow human beings with the help of technology is good or bad to our personal relationships. The Internet has increased the amount of communication globally, yet ironically the very technology that helps us increase our communication hinders our ability to socialize effectively in real life and create a†¦show more content†¦According to Shelly Anstey, in her article â€Å"On-Line Personal Relationships†, Researchers have reported in an online environment, there is more incidence of flaming and people have greater difficulty recognizing an d moving shared point of view. This implies that people on the internet tend to fight more and have much lesser consideration for each other. For example, since there is lack of expression and body cues that can’t be seen on the computer screen, the couples can’t see what’s really happening, and actually assume what they think is in their mind. When they are in argument, they could end up having their relationship into a bitter situation. Matchmaking services on the Internet may bring harm to the inexperience users, because there are many online dating users that create false profiles that deliver false information to mislead other users. Online dating services allow its users to upload pictures of themselves for other members to view. However, these pictures can be very deceiving, because some people use Photoshop programs to edit their pictures making it appear more attractive than they actually are in real life. For example, people would remove facial blemishes, such as acne, whitened teeth, or add hair to bald spots. Furthermore, they can also upload pictures that were taken years ago when they were younger in age and better in appearance. 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Contracts 1 Assignment free essay sample

Selwyn Selikowitz Group No: 3613 Advice has been sought as to whether or not Dr. Amber has an enforceable contract with Furniture Comfort, and whether she is entitled by law to buy the couch at the discounted price. In order to address the issue, one needs to start by examining each of the four essential elements for contract formation: agreement, consideration, certainty and an intention to create legal relations. The newspaper advertisement is not an offer but an invitation to treat. In Boots v Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, it was decided that ‘a contract is not completed until, the customer having indicated the articles which he needs, the shopkeeper, or someone on his behalf, accepts that offer. ’ The items on the shelf of the ‘self services’ shop were treated as offers to treat. This decision was due to the nature of the shop. It is not only inconvenient but also practically and legally unfeasible to be entered into a contract every time one picks up an item from the shelf. We will write a custom essay sample on Contracts 1 Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Advertisements are presumed to be invitations to treat due to similar reasoning. The exception to this presumption can be found in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball, where the advertisement was determined to be an offer as there was an express intention to pay money in the event of certain circumstances occurring. This exception doesn’t apply to the present case. The reasonable person would interpret phrases such as â€Å"25% off all selected floor items†, and â€Å"We beat all competitors† in Furniture Comfort’s advertisements as not indicating a offer to enter into a contract with all readers, but merely inviting them to make an offer. Thus the newspaper advertisement is an invitation to treat. . OFFER Dr Amber saw this ‘invitation to treat’ and responded by visiting Furniture Comfort. Being unhappy with the fabric on the model, she wished to buy a couch with a suitable fabric of her choosing. She made an offer to buy the couch as long as the fabric was one she chose and the couch was sold to her immediately upon her return. This conditional offer is made evident through her words â€Å"I assume the sale will still be on†, and â€Å"I’ll need it immediately after that. † Now under the main offer she gave an option, a condition to the purchase. An option contract is defined as ‘an agreement for consideration under which a party acquires a right exercisable before a specified time to buy or sell property at a given price from another party. ’[2] In Goldsbrough Mort Co v Quinn, the grantor gave the option holder an option to purchase certain land at a specified price at any time within one week of the agreement in return for the sum of five shillings paid to the grantor. In the present case, the option was Dr Amber’s offer to buy the couch as long as the couch was reserved for her. 3. ACCEPTANCE In response to Dr. Amber’s offers, Maggie replied â€Å"We can do that if you prefer. Let’s go to my office. † Whether or not Maggie’s reply and consequent actions can be construed as an acceptance of the offers depends on whether it satisfies certain rules in contract law regarding acceptance. (a) The acceptance must be communicated In Felthouse v Bindley, it was determined that silence cannot be taken to indicate acceptance. [3] Although the acceptance may have been inferred by conduct of the nephew, his intention was not communicated to the uncle, and thus it was found that no acceptance had been made and no contract was formed. In this case Maggie explicitly responded to Dr. Amber’s offer with the words â€Å"We can do that if you prefer. † Thus the acceptance was communicated (b) The acceptance must be absolute and unqualified The acceptance must be complete, without changing any of the terms. Otherwise, instead of an acceptance it would be a counteroffer. In Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp this distinction was made clear, in the ‘battle of forms’ involved. ‘Acceptance’ based on changing of conditions of an offer of one party was deemed to be a counteroffer, not an acceptance. Maggie in this case has absolutely agreed to the conditions of Dr. Amber’s offer, reflected through her actions in allowing Amber to sign the special order information and also to leave with the fabric. (c) Acceptance must be in reliance of the offer In Crown v Clarke, Clarke was found to have not acted in the faith of or in reliance of the offer, but rather for his own intentions. Thus he was found to have no claim to a reward he had received under contract. In the present case, Maggie knew the specific details of the offer such as â€Å"reserve the couch now†, â€Å"take the samples† and â€Å"order the couch when I get back† Thus her acceptance was made in reliance of the offer and the option. d) Must be in compliance with the offeror’s offer Maggie complied with Dr. Amber’s offer by allowing her to leave with the samples, and placing a special order in the ‘fabric checkout binder. ’ There was therefore a legally recognisable acceptance on Maggie’s part. Maggie accepted Dr. Amberâ€⠄¢s option of keeping the couch reserved, as well as her offer of purchasing the couch

Running Head Leadership

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of 21st century business leader. If you were in the position of the leader what you could do to be better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation/s. Answer: The role of leaders and the influence on the organization cannot be undermined by any stretch of imagination. The better the leadership and management is the more are the opportunities for an organization to grow forward (Locke Latham 1990). Traits of the leader are the determinant for the better organization. The energy of the leader should be focused on determining the dissatisfaction levels of the employees. For the organizational change it is required that the dissatisfaction levels are channelized towards synergy of the organization. The vision of the leader and the charisma results in increasing the capacities (Kark Shamir 2013). However it has been noted that not all leaders possess same traits and they can be different or poles apart from one another. The traits that are generally associated with leaders can be charisma, confidence, trust, intelligence. For the particular study the Leadership of Bill Gates will be discussed and his role in creating company as big as Microsoft. Bill Gates has been a person that created the company from the scratch and became the Wealthiest and Richest Man of the planet. The dedication and the determination along with the leadership skills of Bill Gates will be the part of this study. The decisions taken by him as a leader and the thinking behind those decisions will form part of the analysis. The role of Gates as a Leader will be discussed in light of theories and models used in leadership. The study will then focus on the role of the student and what he could do differently if put in similar sort of situations will be the next portion of the task. Bill Gates Evaluation William Henry Bill Gates, commonly known as Bill Gates was born in the year 1955. From the very early stage the interest of Bill Gates was towards programming. Bill Gates studied in Harvard University but was not able to complete the graduation as he was in process of building the company Microsoft in 1975. The interest of Bill Gates for computer and his dedication became part of his leadership style. The hard working Bill Gates developed programmes of Basic at the initial stages of the computer evaluation. The company Microsoft had the underlying vision that remained focused on the future of the computers. Bill Gates was hard working as stated earlier and his innovative skills also led to the development of MS DOS. The copyright of MS DOS was taken by IBM that had approached Bill Gates for its development. In 1983, the company Microsoft and the status of Bill Gates as a entrepreneur increased considerably. This was the year when Windows were launched as the operating system. This is till date the best operating system available in the markets. The leadership of Bill Gates can be analyzed from the fact that his leadership gave Windows, DOS, and Internet Explorer web browser to the world. Leadership Traits of Bill Gates Bill Gates has been a man whose traits have been the mode of discussion by many researchers (Jager Ortiz, 1997). Bill Gates can be termed as a courageous leader due to the risks he took in co-founding Microsoft by dropping the studies in Harvard. Researchers have mentioned that his focus on the work has been phenomenal (Jager Ortiz, 1997). Other has mentioned that Bill Gates has been intelligent (Dorfman and Gupta, 2004). From the early stages in his life, Bill Gates has been intelligent. He used to write programmes concerning computers and even languages. The characteristics of Bill Gates as a leader will be studied on the basis of the theories. For a Leader to be influential the critical aspect is that can he imbibe the feeling of job satisfaction among the employees (Locke, 2005). The level of motivation is higher in the satisfied workers. These workers adopt the company policies and are likely to perform then the ones that are dissatisfied from the work. As discussed earlier the traits of the leader is determinant of the way the employees will work and the team will perform. Hertzberg Theory The theory of Hertzberg developed in the year 1959 is relevant in discussing about Bill Gates is because this theory is related to the job satisfaction. This opens the scope to discuss the role of Bill Gates as a Leader in ensuring job satisfaction. As per the theory there are various factors in the job that affect the performance of the person and his satisfaction in a different manner. While some factors result in satisfaction some other results in lowering the existing satisfaction among the employee. According to Herzberg (1964) the two factors are Hygiene factors and Motivational Factors. Hertzberg Theory, Hertzberg (1964) The theory mentions that the environment in which the employee work, affect the way they respond to the work. These are determined by the Hygiene factors. If the employees are given better environment to work and they are prevented from bad working conditions, it encourages them to perform. When the Hygiene factors are considered by the organization it results in the motivational factors. The employees become responsible, they believe in the achieving goals. Working environment and conditions also affected Bill Gates as he was motivated towards the work when the environment was better and working conditions were good (Jonathan-Eer, 2013). One way of motivating employees that Bill Gates used is to provide better working conditions for the employees. Although these are pacifying factors as per the theory it was utilized well by Bill Gates as a CEO. Highly satisfied individuals perform well in a team and have a lasting impact on the new employees. Apart from this bill Gates believes in ethical practices and policies including job security. Transformational Leadership Burns (1978) propounded the theory of Transformational Leadership. According to the theory the leaders job is to motivate the employee towards hard work. The motivation of the leaders helps the followers to attain the preset objectives. Bill Gates success cannot be attached to mere luck. Bill Gates used to remain involved with the computer programmes and statistics and was focused. This resulted in him becoming the youngest CEO Billionaire. Bill Gates qualities as a leader can be judged by his foresight towards the capabilities of the computer markets in future. Transformational leadership styles of Bill Gates can be judged by the fact that he remained concerned with the dynamic nature of the business he was a part off. New technological innovations and adapting environment was therefore part of his leadership styles. Leaders should be able to predict the environment both internal and external. Being inspirational is also an added advantage for Bill Gates. The goals setting by Bill G ates was done as he had the vision and knowledge to change the future. This inspired the team mates to work for Microsoft and be a part of the learning and contemporary process. Leader was already inspirational therefore the dedication of the team was improved due to this. The Transformational Leadership is judged by the fact that Bill Gates provided ideal working environment for the employees. The offices of Microsoft were designed for encouraging college campus like atmosphere. The idea behind the same was to create an environment which encourages innovative ideas (Beer Finnstrom, 2009). Gates has been sometimes called for as a harsh CEO, but that has been alongside the steps he has taken to generate a better work culture (Davenport, 2008). Better work culture improves the workplace motivation and the employees output improves from that. As Bass (1990) mentioned, Transformational leader possess qualities of Charisma, Inspiration, Soft corner towards the employees, and has Stimulating effect (Conger Kanungo, 1998). , (1990) It is critical to note that the behaviour of Bill Gates has at times been harsh as Davenport (2008) states, but that he says is required for the purpose of increasing the work place output and meeting the goals. The creation of MS DOS for IBM, when Bill Gates did not have the resources is a part of the goal oriented nature of him. Researches from Law et al. (2004) mention the significance of being emotionally intelligent. Bill Gates has also been termed as emotionally intelligent, that means that he cares for his employees and understands the requirements. Studies from Martins (2003) mention that the participative style of leadership brings organizational changes and this is resulting in the innovation in the working style. Bill Gates style is termed as participative as he involved people in the working decisions. Manager should be a part of the decision making and should pass on the relevant knowledge to his subordinates so that the work culture is improved. SARA Model Being in the dynamic industry of softwares and computers, the role of Bill Gates as a leader cannot be undermined. His role is inclined towards the SARA Model developed by Kubler Ross (1981). There are four stages for the resistance towards the change, as SARA signifies Shock, Anger, Rejection, and Acceptance. Firstly, the employees might see changes things as Shock, they can be Angry with the management for the changes in the regular working styles, the next stage is that of rejection, where the employees feel that the change initiative will bring things to normal or make them worse. The last stage of the SARA model is Acceptance. Bill Gates has been powerful leader as he stuck to the goals and allowed the employees to participate in the decisions. This means that the Shock and Anger had a very limited role to play in case of Microsoft. Meanwhile, acceptance stage also took less time than normal because that came with effective participation. Leading Differently Then Bill Gates Bill Gates has been termed as a person that has been authoritative at times in order to achieve the goals. Team management can be done differently than that. Had I been a Leading the organizational Microsoft, I would be more accommodative and increase the satisfaction levels of the employees. Satisfaction and increased motivation will result in the employees attrition to stay lower. This is required at the time of competition with newer technologies like Android. Authoritative style of functioning will result in the resentment. I would have used the technique of Group development. Although, leadership style of Bill Gates has been highly inspirational and successful (Singh, 2013). The policies should be dynamic in nature and should be in line with the vision of the leader. Conclusion The analysis on the leader of 21st century was done. The study took into account the life of Bill Gates as a leader. The study mentioned that Bill Gates remained hard working and stick to his goals that created the company like Microsoft. As a leader, the style of Bill Gates was authoritative sometimes and also participative. This means that the team value was given attention. The role of the managers in the decision making was considered and they were made to participate in the decision making. For the discussion of the Leadership style, theories and models were considered. First was the Hertzberg theory, as per the theory there are various factors in the job that affect the performance of the person and his satisfaction in a different manner. During his tenure as a CEO, Bill Gates has adopted pacifying factors to motivate the employees. The employees were provided working environment that was inspired from a college campus. This helped the employees to work in the best possible man ner and achieve the objectives set by the company. The discussion was then made on the Transformational Leadership style of working of Bill Gates. This can be judged by the fact that he remained concerned with the dynamic nature of the business he was a part off. New technological innovations and adapting environment was therefore part of his leadership styles. Overall the leadership of Bill Gates has been flawless. The adoption of the management styles can be molded by the young leaders a bit. Rather than adopting an authoritative style of functioning as a leader, it should be accommodative. This will bring new ideas on board and even the reluctance of a single person handling the innovation and brining new techniques will not be there. This means that the organization can grow at a much faster pace compared to normal. Employees motivation levels in such cases can be higher. References Bass, BM 1990, Bass and Stogdills Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications, New York: Free Press. Vol (3). Beer, M Finnstrom, M 2009, Developing an Engine for transforming your company, LIA, Vol 29 (5). Boyatzis, RE 2008, Competencies in the 21st century, Journal of Management Development, vol. 25(7), pp. 512 Burns, JM 1978, Leadership, Harper Row, New York. 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